Template for background, banner, card, poster.The center for the study of global slavery (csgs) researches and interprets slavery and its afterlives, revealing its deep global connections and impact as well as recognizing the resistance and resilience of people of african descent across the diaspora.
Built upon international collaboration, the csgs provides an understanding of slavery as a.Ashton wiens et al, a modelling strategy to estimate conditional probabilities of african origins:Echoing the campaigners, mordaunt claims that the west africa squadron, which was active until the 1860s, was the main actor in physically destroying the slave trade, but this is a dramatic.
With rothman's guidance, burdumy applied his skills as a programmer to geolocate data from the transatlantic slave trade database—a free digital resource that documents more than 35,000 african slave voyages to the americas—in order to create the maps.The orange dots went to north america, the green dots went to the caribbean, and the red dots went to brazil.
Map showing the flow of goods and enslaved people across the atlantic between europe, africa and america in the transatlantic triangular trade which the european colonial powers operated from the 16th to the 19th centuries ce.Some enslaved people who disembarked at.Arab traders began capturing black african slaves from east africa and the horn of africa from as early as 650 ad.
Remembering slavery in the 21st century.The transatlantic slave trade forced 12.5 million african people into slavery and set up a gruesome triangle of the trade from europe to africa to the americas built on human trafficking.
Support is building among african and caribbean nations for the creation of an international tribunal on atrocities dating to the transatlantic trade of enslaved.
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The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) continued to vigorously defend its handling of a drug case involving 23 Chinese swimmers Friday while taking direct aim at the United States, saying the U.S. is trying to undermine the global anti-doping effort.
After a New York Times report last month detailing events that led to Chinese swimmers avoiding sanctions after testing positive for a banned substance weeks before the Tokyo Olympics, WADA has been fending off criticism and accusations of a cover-up.
But during an extraordinary virtual meeting of its foundation board Friday, WADA blasted its most vocal critic, the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) and the organization's chief, Travis Tygart, as hypocrites.
Canadian Dick Pound, who established WADA in 1999, came to his organization's defense, accusing Tygart of lies and distortions and suggesting USADA's claims were politically motivated.
"On behalf of WADA, I am deeply disappointed and disgusted by the deliberate lies and distortions coming from USADA, including that WADA has swept doping cases in China under the rug," said Pound, a former IOC member.
"That accusation, bereft of any truth, has but a single purpose: to deliberately damage the reputation of WADA.
"To claim that WADA has in some way inappropriately favored China is completely false," Pound added.
"USADA is financed by the United States government; that government currently has a chilly relationship with China's government. Could there be a connection?"
WADA has stood firm against criticism, arguing that it followed rules and procedures laid out in the anti-doping code and had no evidence to challenge China's findings.
The swimmers avoided sanctions after an investigation by Chinese authorities ruled the positive tests were the result of being inadvertently exposed to the drug through contamination.
A report determined all the swimmers who tested positive were staying at the same hotel, where traces of trimetazidine, which is found in heart medication, were discovered in the kitchen.
Independent review
WADA announced in April that it would launch an independent review of the matter led by Swiss prosecutor Eric Cottier.
"Trust comes from truth and transparency, not obfuscation and childish bluster." said Tygart, responding to WADA's comments.
"Unfortunately, we all know that when you are afraid of the facts, the classic response is to attack the messenger, distract from the real issues and make it personal."
Tygart said the meeting today demonstrated that the global anti-doping system needed immediate reform.
"The world has legitimate questions about how WADA could turn a blind eye to 23 positive tests on the eve of the Tokyo Olympic Games, and today WADA reinforced those concerns by admitting they purposefully tried to keep this information from going public -- the very definition of sweeping it under the carpet," he said.
WADA president Witold Banka said that, when it comes to anti-doping, U.S. athletes are some of the least tested in the world and that USADA has used the contamination explanation to clear Americans of positive tests.
"There have been a number of environmental contamination cases in the past; in fact, some of the most elaborate and surprising contamination scenarios have come out of the U.S.," Banka said.
"Just to paint a picture of some inconsistent rule implementation in the U.S., 90% of American athletes, those in the professional leagues and college sport, do not compete under the world anti-doping code."
